Novalunar Climates
It is no coincidence that Novaluna's general climatic trends parallel that of Earth's; it was for this reason that Novaluna was selected for colonisation. As such, the Köppen–Geiger–Trewartha system of climate classification used on Earth was simply adapted for use on Novaluna as well, with some alterations made to accommodate Novaluna's particular climatic patterns and quirks, as well as a measure of categorical rephrasing to make the system agnostic as to which planetary body it applies.
Group A: Tropical Climates
Tropical climates are characterised by middle to high daily and yearly temperatures, and high average annual precipitation. They are typically found, with exceptions, within 15º of the equator.
Af - Tropical Equatorial Climate. Temperature, humidity, and precipitation are high year-round, and natural seasonal variation is not regularly present.
Am - Tropical Monsoon Climate. Yearly averages for temperature, humidity, and precipitation are high, but experiences distinct and regular seasonal variation.
Aw - Tropical Seasonal Climate. Experiences highly distinct wet and dry seasons with high yearly variations in humidity and precipitation.
Group B: Arid and Semiarid Climates
Arid and semiarid climates are characterised by low annual precipitation, while high average and peak temperatures are a frequent feature. Most such climates are found between 15º and 30º of latitude.
BWh - Hot Desert Climate. Yearly precipitation is very low, and temperatures are high to extremely high all year, with little seasonal variation.
BWk - Cold Desert Climate. Average humidity and precipitation are very low, while temperatures experience significant seasonal variation between low and high.
BSh - Hot Semiarid Climate. Annual precipitation, though low, is higher than in desert climates, while yearly temperatures are high and seasonally uniform.
BSh - Cold Semiarid Climate. Precipitation per annum is relatively low, although more than in deserts, while temperatures undergo notable seasonal variation.
Group C: Temperate Climates
Temperate climates are characterised by relatively moderate annual temperatures and humidity, with moderate to no seasonal variation. They are commonly found near coasts, between 30º and 60º of latitude.
Csa/Csb - Arid Summer Climate. Summers are the driest periods of the year, and are typically hot or warm, while winters are cool, wet, and mild.
Cfa/Cwa - Humid Summer Climate. Precipitation usually peaks during the summer, and along with temperature experiences mild seasonal variation.
Cfb/Cfc - Oceanic Climate. Yearly precipitation is moderate to high, temperatures are moderate to cool, and mild seasonal variations in humidity peak in winter.
Cwb/Cwc - Tropical Highland Climate. Yearly precipitation patterns peak in summer or are uniform, while temperatures are cooler than adjacent tropical climes with little variation.
Group D: COntinental Climates
Continental climates are characterised by moderate average temperatures and precipitation, but very high seasonal variation. They are usually found in continental interiors, between 30º and 60º of latitude.
Dsa/Dsb - Humid Winter Climate. Precipitation is at its highest during the winter, while seasonal variation in temperature and humidity is high.
Dwa/Dwb - Arid Winter Climate. Summers are the wettest time of the year, and annual temperatures and precipitation vary greatly with the seasons.
Dfa/Dfb - Tepid Continental Climate. Temperatures vary widely depending on season, but precipitation is relatively consistent year-round.
Group E: Polar and Montane Climates
Polar, subpolar, and montane climates are characterised by cold to very cold annual temperatures. They are often found from 60º of latitude to the poles, or at high altitudes elsewhere on Novaluna.
Esc/Ewc/Efc - Warm Subpolar Climate. Summers are short and cool to warm in temperature, winters are very long and cold, and precipitation may follow different seasonal patterns.
Esd/Ewc/Efd - Cold Subpolar Climate. Summers are cold and very short, winters are extremely long and extremely cold, and precipitation may or may not vary with seasons.
EP - Permafrost Climate. Average summer temperatures are above freezing, but average annual temperatures are below freezing and winters are extremely harsh.
EG - Glacial Climate. Average temperatures almost never exceed freezing at any time of the year. As a result, ice cover and glaciation are heavy and persistent.